Lookup and reference functions in Excel are used to find and return values from a range of cells. These functions can be used to perform a variety of tasks, such as finding the price of an item by its part number, or finding the name of a customer by their phone number.
Introduction
Learn all about lookup & reference functions in Excel, such as VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, MATCH, INDEX and CHOOSE.
Vlookup
The VLOOKUP (Vertical lookup) function looks for a value in the leftmost column of a table, and then returns a value in the same row from another column you specify.
1. Insert the VLOOKUP function shown below.
Explanation: the VLOOKUP function looks for the ID (104) in the leftmost column of the range $E$4:$G$7 and returns the value in the same row from the third column (third argument is set to 3). The fourth argument is set to FALSE to return an exact match or a #N/A error if not found.
2. Drag the VLOOKUP function in cell B2 down to cell B11.
Note: when we drag the VLOOKUP function down, the absolute reference ($E$4:$G$7) stays the same, while the relative reference (A2) changes to A3, A4, A5, etc. Visit our page about the VLOOKUP function for much more information and many examples.
Hlookup
In a similar way, you can use the HLOOKUP (Horizontal lookup) function.
Match
The MATCH function returns the position of a value in a given range.
Explanation: Yellow found at position 3 in the range E4:E7. The third argument is optional. Set this argument to 0 to return the position of the value that is exactly equal to lookup_value (A2) or a #N/A error if not found. Use INDEX and MATCH in Excel and impress your boss.
Index
The INDEX function below returns a specific value in a two-dimensional range.
Explanation: 92 found at the intersection of row 3 and column 2 in the range E4:F7.
The INDEX function below returns a specific value in a one-dimensional range.
Explanation: 97 found at position 3 in the range E4:E7. Use INDEX and MATCH in Excel and impress your boss.
Choose
The CHOOSE function returns a value from a list of values, based on a position number.
Explanation: Boat found at position 3.
Conclusion
Here are some additional tips for using lookup and reference functions:
- Use absolute references when you need to prevent the cell references in a formula from changing when you copy the formula to other cells.
- Use named ranges to make your formulas easier to read and maintain.
- MATCH function can be used to find the position of a value in a range, even if the value is not an exact match.
- Use the INDEX function to return a specific value from a range, even if the value is not in the first row or column of the range.
- Use the CHOOSE function to return a value from a list of values, based on a position number.
By following these tips, you can use lookup and reference functions to their full potential in Excel.
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